哺乳动物精子性别特异膜蛋白的研究进展

在精子形成过程中，存在性染色体特异基因的表达，这是X、Y精子膜蛋白差异形成的基础。尽管精子形成过程中形成的细胞间桥可能使精子细胞间共享基因表达产物，但雄性传递偏移现象和性别偏移现象的发生又证明两类精子间存在非共享蛋白，同时H-Y抗原表位的成功鉴定、精子分离实验结果以及性别特异蛋白的检测结果都肯定了精子膜蛋白差异的存在，只是这种膜蛋白的差异很小。蛋白分离技术的进步及技术间的优化集成，为精子间细微差异膜蛋白的分离提供了可能。

Progress on the study of sex-specific membrane proteins

The expression of specific genes in sex chromosomes is the basis of sex-specific membrane protein in mammalian spermatozoa. The gene expression products are shared among spermatozoa through intercellular bridges, however, the phenomena of male transmission-ratio distortion and sex ratio distortion proved that differential proteins exist between X and Y spermatozoa. In addition, the existence of sex-specific proteins was confirmed by the separation experiment of X/Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa and the detection result of sex specific proteins. At the same time, it was also confirmed that the difference of the sex-specific protein is weak . The advance of separation techniques as well as the integration and optimization among these techniques has made it possible to separate sex-specific membrane proteins in mammalian spermatozoa.