Forced expression of stabilized c-Fos in dendritic cells reduces cytokine production and immune responses in vivo |
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| Authors: | Yoshida Ryoko Suzuki Mayu Sakaguchi Ryota Hasegawa Eiichi Kimura Akihiro Shichita Takashi Sekiya Takashi Shiraishi Hiroshi Shimoda Kouji Yoshimura Akihiko |
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| Affiliation: | 1. UMR INSERM U930, CNRS ERL 3106, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France;2. CNRS UPR 4301, CBM, Orléans, France;3. UMR 6175 INRA, CNRS, Haras Nationaux, Nouzilly, France;4. Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire, CHRU de Tours, 2, Bd Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France;2. National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec, Canada;3. University of Bordeaux, LAMC, UMR 1029, Talence, France;4. INSERM, LAMC, UMR 1029, Talence, France;1. Department of Surgery and Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;2. Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;1. Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States;2. Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States;3. Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States;4. Research Division, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea;1. Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy;2. Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria;1. Attending Physician, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;2. Attending Physician, Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention of People''s Liberation Army, Beijing, China;3. Resident, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;4. Attending Physician, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;6. Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;5. Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;1. Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Oral Pathology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Lim kinase 2 isoforms, LIMK2a and LIMK2b, phosphorylate cofilin leading to remodeling of actin cytoskeleton during neuronal differentiation. The expression and function of the LIMK2d isoform, missing the kinase domain, remain unknown. We analyzed the expression of LIMK2 splice variants in adult rat brain and in cultures of rat neural stem cells by RT-QPCR. All three splice variants were expressed in adult cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Limk2a and Limk2d expression, but not Limk2b, increased during neuronal differentiation. We studied the localization and function of LIMK2d isoform by transfecting Hela, NSC-34, and hippocampal rat neuron cultures. Similarly to LIMK2b, LIMK2d was expressed in the cytoplasm, neurites and dendritic spines, but not in the nucleus. Similarly to LIMK2a, LIMK2d over-expression in NSC-34 cells increased neurite length, but independently of cofilin phosphorylation or of direct interaction with actin. Overall, these results indicate that LIMK2d is a third LIMK2 isoform which regulates neurite extension and highlights the possible existence of a kinase independent function of LIMK2. |
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