Iningainema pulvinus gen nov., sp nov. (Cyanobacteria,Scytonemataceae) a new nodularin producer from Edgbaston Reserve,north-eastern Australia |
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| Institution: | 1. Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, GPO Box 5078 Brisbane 4001, Australia;2. Queensland Department of Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia;1. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia;2. Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary;3. Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade 11000, Serbia;4. Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Turku 20520, Finland;5. School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, SA, Australia;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Universitária, CEP 44031-460, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Algas Marinhas (LAMAR), Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Campus de Ondina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, CEP 40210-730, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;3. Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) - Cachoeira do Sul, Rua Martinho Lutero, 301, Bairro Universitário, CEP 96501-595, Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;4. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Ficologia e Educação Ambiental (Lafea), Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, Maracanã, CEP 20551-220, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;5. Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ficologia, Av. Miguel Estéfano, CEP 04301-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;1. School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia;2. Centre for Sustainable Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia;3. Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7042, New Zealand;4. Department of Biological Sciences, Private Bag 3105, University of Waikato, Hamilton 2001, New Zealand;5. Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia;6. Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Queensland, Australia |
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| Abstract: | A new nodularin producing benthic cyanobacterium Iningainema pulvinus gen nov., sp nov. was isolated from a freshwater ambient spring wetland in tropical, north-eastern Australia and characterised using combined morphological and phylogenetic attributes. It formed conspicuous irregularly spherical to discoid, blue-green to olive-green cyanobacterial colonies across the substratum of shallow pools. Morphologically Iningainema is most similar to Scytonematopsis Kiseleva and Scytonema Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault. All three genera have isopolar filaments enveloped by a firm, often layered and coloured sheath; false branching is typically geminate, less commonly singly. Phylogenetic analyses using partial 16S rRNA sequences of three clones of Iningainema pulvinus strain ES0614 showed that it formed a well-supported monophyletic clade. All three clones were 99.7–99.9% similar, however they shared less than 93.9% nucleotide similarity with other cyanobacterial sequences including putatively related taxa within the Scytonemataceae. Amplification of a fragment of the ndaF gene involved in nodularin biosynthesis from Iningainema pulvinus confirmed that it has this genetic determinant. Consistent with these results, analysis of two extracts from strain ES0614 by HPLC–MS/MS confirmed the presence of nodularin at concentrations of 796 and 1096 μg g−1 dry weight. This is the third genus of cyanobacteria shown to produce the cyanotoxin nodularin and the first report of nodularin synthesis from the cyanobacterial family Scytonemataceae. These new findings may have implications for the aquatic biota at Edgbaston Reserve, a spring complex which has been identified as a priority conservation area in the central Australian arid and semiarid zones, based on patterns of endemicity. |
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| Keywords: | Phylogeny Taxonomy Cyanotoxin Benthic Tropical 16S rRNA Ambient springs |
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