Sugar transporters in efficient utilization of mixed sugar substrates: current knowledge and outlook |
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Authors: | Toru Jojima Crispinus A Omumasaba Masayuki Inui Hideaki Yukawa |
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Institution: | (1) Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, 9-2, Kizugawadai, Kizugawa Kyoto, 619-0292, Japan; |
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Abstract: | There is increasing interest in production of transportation fuels and commodity chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass, most
desirably through biological fermentation. Considerable effort has been expended to develop efficient biocatalysts that convert
sugars derived from lignocellulose directly to value-added products. Glucose, the building block of cellulose, is the most
suitable fermentation substrate for industrial microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Other sugars including xylose, arabinose, mannose, and galactose that comprise hemicellulose are generally less efficient
substrates in terms of productivity and yield. Although metabolic engineering including introduction of functional pentose-metabolizing
pathways into pentose-incompetent microorganisms has provided steady progress in pentose utilization, further improvements
in sugar mixture utilization by microorganisms is necessary. Among a variety of issues on utilization of sugar mixtures by
the microorganisms, recent studies have started to reveal the importance of sugar transporters in microbial fermentation performance.
In this article, we review current knowledge on diversity and functions of sugar transporters, especially those associated
with pentose uptake in microorganisms. Subsequently, we review and discuss recent studies on engineering of sugar transport
as a driving force for efficient bioconversion of sugar mixtures derived from lignocellulose. |
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