Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection |
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Authors: | Melissa F Davis Christopher Lay Ron D Frostig |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine;2.The Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine;3.The Center for Hearing Research, University of California, Irvine;4.Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine |
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Abstract: | Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. The majority of all strokes result from an interruption in blood flow (ischemia) 1. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) delivers a great majority of blood to the lateral surface of the cortex 2, is the most common site of human stroke 3, and ischemia within its territory can result in extensive dysfunction or death 1,4,5. Survivors of ischemic stroke often suffer loss or disruption of motor capabilities, sensory deficits, and infarct. In an effort to capture these key characteristics of stroke, and thereby develop effective treatment, a great deal of emphasis is placed upon animal models of ischemia in MCA.Here we present a method of permanently occluding a cortical surface blood vessel. We will present this method using an example of a relevant vessel occlusion that models the most common type, location, and outcome of human stroke, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). In this model, we surgically expose MCA in the adult rat and subsequently occlude via double ligature and transection of the vessel. This pMCAO blocks the proximal cortical branch of MCA, causing ischemia in all of MCA cortical territory, a large portion of the cortex. This method of occlusion can also be used to occlude more distal portions of cortical vessels in order to achieve more focal ischemia targeting a smaller region of cortex. The primary disadvantages of pMCAO are that the surgical procedure is somewhat invasive as a small craniotomy is required to access MCA, though this results in minimal tissue damage. The primary advantages of this model, however, are: the site of occlusion is well defined, the degree of blood flow reduction is consistent, functional and neurological impairment occurs rapidly, infarct size is consistent, and the high rate of survival allows for long-term chronic assessment. |
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Keywords: | Medicine Issue 77 Biomedical Engineering Anatomy Physiology Neurobiology Neuroscience Behavior Surgery Therapeutics Surgical Procedures Operative Investigative Techniques Life Sciences (General) Behavioral Sciences Animal models Stroke ischemia imaging middle cerebral artery vessel occlusion rodent model surgical techniques animal model |
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