上海市食用菌重金属污染状况的研究

本文通过对上海不同区域的金针菇、蘑菇、平菇、鸡腿菇及香菇5种常见鲜食用菌进行实地抽样,采用微波消解前处理,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定食用菌中铅(Pb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)的含量,考察鲜食用菌的重金属污染状况.研究结果表明,不同食用菌中重金属的污染状况随其种类和地域的不同而呈现显著差异.As、Pb、Cd和Hg在食用菌中的平均含量分别为0.177 mg/kg、0.094 mg/kg、0.082 mg/kg和0.004 mg/kg,均低于GB 2762-2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》中的限量标准,说明上海市售鲜食用菌的重金属含量总体上是安全的.但在这5种食用菌中,部分蘑菇样品中的砷残留存在安全风险,样品超标率为27.3%;但进一步研究表明,超标蘑菇样品中无机砷占总砷的比例仅为4.4%~6.3%,最高含量仅为0.370 mg/kg,以无机砷含量替代总砷含量进行考察,则这些样品也是食用安全的.虽然在不同地区的食用菌中,这4种重金属的含量有显著差异,但均低于国标限定值,说明在上海市不同地区出售的食用菌总体上是安全的,可以放心食用.

Heavy metal contents of edible fungi in Shanghai

In this study, the common edible fungi samples from different parts of Shanghai field were investigated using microwave digestion and ICP-MS determination to understand the situation of heavy metal pollution such as lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium. The results indicated that the average contents of arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury in edible fungi were 0. 177 mg/kg, 0. 094 mg/kg, 0. 082 mg/kg and 0. 004 mg/kg respectively, lower than those of the contents defined by GB 2762-2012. These results showed that the sale of edible fungi in Shanghai was generally safe. Further studies found that part of the mushroom samples had more arsenic contents. About 27. 3% exceeded the limits, but these main toxic ingredient contents of inorganic arsenic were very low, the highest content was only 0. 370 mg/kg. Based on this standard, these mushroom samples were also safe. Although the contents of 4 heavy metals in different parts of Shanghai were different, but all of them were lower than the standard, so the edible fungi in Shanghai were generally safe as food on sale.