Cancer stem cells |
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| Authors: | Zuoren Yu Timothy G. Pestell Michael P. Lisanti Richard G. Pestell |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China;2. Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States;3. Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States;1. Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. Frick Chemistry Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;4. Department of Biochemistry, Penn State University, PA 16802, USA;1. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada;1. Professor, Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine; Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX;2. Associate Professor, Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Medical Oncology–Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX;3. Associate Director, Yale Cancer Center; Professor of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT;4. Vice President, Medical Affairs, Boston Biomedical, Cambridge, MA;1. Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK;2. UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within tumors with capabilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity when transplanted into an animal host. A number of cell surface markers such as CD44, CD24, and CD133 are often used to identify and enrich CSCs. A regulatory network consisting of microRNAs and Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways controls CSC properties. The clinical relevance of CSCs has been strengthened by emerging evidence, demonstrating that CSCs are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatment and that CSCs are very likely to be the origin of cancer metastasis. CSCs are believed to be an important target for novel anti-cancer drug discovery. Herein we summarize the current understanding of CSCs, with a focus on the role of miRNA and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and discuss the clinical application of targeting CSCs for cancer treatment. |
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