The R-spondin family of proteins: Emerging regulators of WNT signaling |
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| Authors: | Yong-Ri Jin Jeong Kyo Yoon |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Otolaryngology, Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States;2. School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States;1. Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;2. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;3. Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;4. Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany;1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;2. Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;4. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;5. Department of the Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;1. Evotec (UK) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, United Kingdom;2. Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Recently, the R-spondin (RSPO) family of proteins has emerged as important regulators of WNT signaling. Considering the wide spectrum of WNT signaling functions in normal biological processes and disease conditions, there has been a significantly growing interest in understanding the functional roles of RSPOs in multiple biological processes and determining the molecular mechanisms by which RSPOs regulate the WNT signaling pathway. Recent advances in the RSPO research field revealed some of the in vivo functions of RSPOs and provided new information regarding the mechanistic roles of RSPO activity in regulation of WNT signaling. Herein, we review recent progress in RSPO research with an emphasis on signaling mechanisms and biological functions. |
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