Early diagnosis of SO2-stress by volatile emissions in some crop plants |
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Authors: | Aprajita Chauhan |
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Institution: | (1) School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110 067 New Delhi, India;(2) Present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, 110 017 Delhi, India |
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Abstract: | Summary Fumigation experiments with SO2 performed on the seedlings of three plant species viz, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), mung bean (Vigna radiata) and maize (Zea mays) resulted in the emission of volatiles. Acetaldehyde and ethanol were produced in the fumigated plants. In addition, there was also an increased production of ethylene and ethane. The production of these volatiles was positively correlated to the SO2 concentrations of 4.2 and 8.3 mol m–3 (0.1 and 0.2 ppm). Ethylene was emitted primarily from SO2-stressed yet healthy leaves, whereas high ethane levels were detected in leaves with visible injury symptoms. However, with the appearance of visible injury symptoms, there was a decline in ethylene, acetaldehyde and ethanol emissions. Synthesis of ethylene and ethane seems to be a result of different metabolic pathways. Ethane evolution and its inhibition by antioxidants indicate SO2-mediated lipid peroxidation by free radical species formed during sulphite oxidation. Perturbation in the cellular respiratory machinery results in the formation of acetaldehyde and ethanol. Since the rates of emissions of ethane, acetaldehyde and ethanol fromplant species were positively correlated to their relative resistance to SO2, the production of these gases could be used as a reliable diagnostic tool for biomonitoring air pollution (SO2) stress.Abbreviations ADH
alcohol dehydrogenase
- NaHSO3
sodium metabisulphite
- O
2
–
superoxide radical
- OH
hydroxyl radical
- pO2
oxygen partial pressure
- SO2
sulphur dioxide
- SO
3
–
sulphite radical
- SOD
superoxide dismutase |
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Keywords: | Bioindicators Relative sensitivity Sulphur dioxide stress Volatile emissions |
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