Vacuole motility and tubule-forming activity inPisolithus tinctorius hyphae are modified by environmental conditions

Summary Motile tubular vacuole systems have been visualised using DIC optics in living hyphae ofPisolithus tinctorius without loading of any fluorescent tracer. Adding new medium, with or without the tracer CFDA, alters the motility of this system and increases the number of tubules. This response has been shown in individual hyphal tip cells and quantified in populations of tip cells. Vacuoles with motile tubules are also demonstrated in more basal cells of the hyphae, within 600 m of the growing hyphal front. The vacuoles in these cells show more limited motility, but similarly respond to addition of new medium by increased motility and tubular activity. This demonstration that the vacuole system in more mature regions is both motile and interconnected as in the tips, and similarly responds to changes in external conditions, supports the hypothesis that the vacuole system may play a role in long-distance transport. Vacuoles in the most mature cells, more than 600 m behind the hyphal growth zone are not motile. They do not respond to these stimuli and remain spherical and isolated. There are many explanations for this and the present lack of response does not exclude the transport hypothesis. The findings further support the concept that tubular vacuole systems are equivalent to animal endosomal/lysosomal systems and have implications for their motility, especially their plasticity in response to external stimuli, such as fluorescent tracers.Abbreviations CFDA 6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate - DIC differential interference contrast - MMN modified Melin-Norkrans medium - SEM standard error of the mean