平湖市第一人民医院儿科患者主要病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解和探讨平湖市第一人民医院儿科感染的常见病原菌的分布状况及耐药情况。方法对该院2012年1月至2012年12月儿科患者送检的合格标本进行细菌培养和药敏试验，并统计分析。结果分离出305株病原菌，其中革兰阳性球菌166株，占54. 5%，革兰阴性杆菌134株，占43. 9%，真菌5株，占1. 6%。革兰阳性球菌中前几位依次为金黄色葡萄球菌82株，占49.4%，人葡萄球菌27株，占16. 3%，表皮葡萄球菌27株，占16. 3%，溶血葡萄球菌17株，占10. 2%。革兰阴性杆菌中前几位依次为肺炎克雷伯菌42株，占30. 2%，大肠埃希菌28株，占20. 1%，鲍曼不动杆菌21株，占15. 1%，阴沟肠杆菌15株，占10. 8%，不同病原菌对常用抗菌药物呈现不同程度的耐药，大肠埃希菌的ESBLs阳性率为28. 6%，肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs阳性率为11.9%。结论该院儿科患者感染的主要病原菌以革兰阳性球菌为主，最常见为金黄色葡萄球菌，不同病原菌对抗生素的耐药性不同,应加强病原菌的检测及耐药性监测，严格执行消毒灭菌操作的各项规定，尽早进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验，临床应根据药敏结果选择用药,合理使用抗菌药物。

Analysis of the pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance to antibiotics in pediatric patients in the First People's Hospital of Pinghu

Objective To study the distribution and drug-resistance of the pathogens in pediatric patients. Methods The pathogens analysis and the drug sensitivity test were done for the qualified samples from pediatric patients from January 2011 to December2012. Results 305 Pathogens were isolated, including Grampositive cocci 166 （54. 5% ） , Gramnegative bacteria 134 （43. 9% ）,fungi 5 （1. 6% ） . The top four Gram-positive cocci were Staphylococcus aureus （82 isolates 49. 4% ）,Staphylococcus （27 isolates 16. 3% ）,Staphylococcus epidermidis （27 isolates 16. 3% ）,Staphylococcus haemolyticus （17 isolates 10. 2% ） ; the top four Gram-negative bacilliwere Klebsiella pneumoniae （42 isolates 30. 2% ）,Escherichia coli （28 isolates 20. 1% ）,Acinetobacter baumanii （21 1 isolates 15. 1% ）,Enterobacter cloacae （15 isolates 10. 8% ）,different drug resistance was displayed in different pathogenic bacteria, ESBLs-producing E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 28. 6% and 11.9%, Conclusion Gram-positive cocci are the main pathogenic bacteria ofpediatric patients. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common. Different pathogenic bacteria has different drug resistance to antibiotics. Itshould strengthen the pathogen detection and drug resistance surveillance, disinfection and sterilization of the provisions of the operation should be strictly implemented,as soon as possible to progress bacterial identification and susceptibility test and it should depeng on drugsensitivityto choice medicant, rational use antibacterial drugs.