PLAD (personal lift assistive device) stiffness affects the lumbar flexion/extension moment and the posterior chain EMG during symmetrical lifting tasks |
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| Authors: | David M. Frost Mohammad Abdoli-E Joan M. Stevenson |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada;2. School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Ontario, Canada, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada;3. School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada, 69 Union Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;1. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, USA;2. School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, USA;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;4. Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd., Dearborn, MI 48126, USA;5. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;1. The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;2. Research Laboratory of Exercise Science, CEFAN, Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Postgraduate Program in Operational Human Performance, Air Force University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;2. School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;4. Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;5. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;1. Department of Research and Development, Rehabilitation Center Heliomare, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands;2. Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. School of Design and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland;2. TNO, Schipholweg 77-89, 2316 ZL, Leiden, The Netherlands;3. Zurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, Technikumstrasse 9, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland;4. Zurich University of Applied Sciences, School of Health Professions, Institute of Physiotherapy, Technikumstrasse 71, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | The PLAD (personal lift assistive device) was designed to reduce the lumbar moment during lifting and bending tasks via elastic elements. This investigation examined the effects of modulating the elastic stiffness. Thirteen men completed 90 lifts (15 kg) using 6 different PLAD stiffnesses in stoop, squat and freestyle lifting postures. The activity of 8 muscles were recorded (latissimus dorsi, thoracic and lumbar erector spinae, rectus abdominis, external oblique, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris and rectus femoris), 3D electromagnetic sensors tracked the motion of each segment and strain gauges measured the elastic tension. EMG data were rectified, filtered, normalized and integrated as a percentage of the lifting task. The highest PLAD tension elicited the greatest reduction in erector spinae activity (mean of thoracic and lumbar) in comparison to the no-PLAD condition for the stoop (37%), squat (38%), and freestyle (37%) lifts, while prompting comparable reductions in gluteus maximums and biceps femoris activity. The highest PLAD stiffness also elicited the greatest reduction in the integrated L4/L5 flexion moment for the stoop (19.0%), squat (18.4%) and freestyle (17.4%) lifts without changing peak lumbar flexion. Each increase in PLAD stiffness further reduced the muscle activity of the posterior chain and the dynamic lumbar moment. |
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