Critical Reexamination of Palynological Characters Used to Delimit Asclepiadaceae in Comparison to the Molecular Phylogeny Obtained from PlastidmatK Sequences |
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Authors: | Laure Civeyrel Annick Le Thomas Keith Ferguson Mark W Chase |
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Institution: | aPaléoenvironnements et Palynologie, ISEM—c.c.61, Université Montpellier II, 34095, Montpellier, France;bLaboratoire de Phytomorphologie, EPHE, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 16 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France;cThe Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, United Kingdom;dMolecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, United Kingdom |
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Abstract: | The family Asclepiadaceae (Dicotyledones) was created by Brown in 1810 by splitting in two the family Apocynaceae of Jussieu established in 1789. The morphological characters used to make this distinction were mainly palynological, such as presence of tetrads or pollinia and number and orientation of pollinia. Those characters, still used in higher taxonomic delimitation (families, subfamilies, and tribes), are here critically reexamined and compared to a molecular phylogeny obtained with one of the more variable plastid genes (matK) of 46 species in the order Gentianales. In this molecular phylogeny, Asclepiadaceae form a monophyletic group derived from within Apocynaceae. Each of the subfamilies of Asclepiadaceae is monophyletic and based on reliable palynological characters, but palynological characters are not useful to delimit tribes of the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. Based on the molecular data, these tribes have undergone parallelisms in several reproductive traits. |
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Keywords: | molecular phylogeny morphological characters pollinia matK Asclepiadaceae |
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