Conventional and novel body temperature measurement during rest and exercise induced hyperthermia |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St. Mary''s University, Twickenham, UK;2. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA;3. National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK;4. Institute for Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West Scotland, Hamilton, UK;1. PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;2. Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, And Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands;3. Galeno Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain;4. MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Sciences, University of Cádiz, Spain;5. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;6. Nuclear Medicine Service, “Virgen de las Nieves” University Hospital, Granada, Spain;7. Nuclear Medicine Service, Biohealth Research Institute (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain;1. Institute of Military Physiology, IDF Medical Corps, Israel;2. Heller Institute of Medical Research, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Israel;3. Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated with Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karunya University, Coimbatore 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK;3. Fluid Mechanics, Thermal Engineering and Multiphase Flow Research Lab (FUTURE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod, Bangkok 10140, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | Despite technological advances in thermal sensory equipment, few core temperature (TCORE) measurement techniques have met the established validity criteria in exercise science. Additionally, there is debate as to what method serves as the most practically viable, yet upholds the proposed measurement accuracy. This study assessed the accuracy of current and novel TCORE measurement techniques in comparison to rectal temperature (TREC) as a reference standard. Fifteen well-trained subjects (11 male, 4 female) completed 60 min of exercise at an intensity equating to the lactate threshold; measured via a discontinuous exercise test. TREC was significantly elevated from resting values (37.2±0.3 °C) at the end of moderate intensity exercise (39.6±0.04 °C; P=0.001). Intestinal telemetric pill (TPILL) temperature and temporal artery temperature (TTEM) did not differ significantly from TREC at rest or during exercise (P>0.05). However, aural canal temperature (TAUR) and thermal imaging temperature (TIMA) were both significantly lower than TREC (P<0.05). Bland Altman analysis revealed only TPILL was within acceptable limits of agreement (mean bias; 0.04 °C), while TTEM, TAUR and TIMA demonstrated mean bias values outside of the acceptable range (>0.27 °C). Against TREC, these results support the use of TPILL over all other techniques as a valid measure of TCORE at rest and during exercise induced hyperthermia. Novel findings illustrate that TIMA (when measured at the inner eye canthus) shows poor agreement to TREC during rest and exercise, which is similar to other ‘surface’ measures. |
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| Keywords: | Core temperature Moderate exercise Hyperthermia |
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