华夏鱼科(Huashiidae)的系统关系及分类学意义

本文用 Hennig 86 软件对华夏鱼类的系统关系进行了重新探讨,认为目前将华夏鱼类归入骨舌鱼超目是由于简约性的缘故.同时,本文对简约原则的适用性进行了讨论.

THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF HUASHIIDAE (TELEOSTEI) AND ITS IMPLICATION ON SYSTEMATICS

After Greenwood (1970) referred Lycoptera to Osteoglossomorpha, more fossil osteoglossomorphs were reported from Mesozoic deposits in China. The most interesting one among them was the change of the classification of Huashiidae. At the beginning, Huashiidae included only one genus and one species, that was Huashia gracilis (Chang & Chou, 1977). It was viewed similar to Chanos and different from Lycoptera and other primitive teleosts based on the characters of its skull. Afterwards, Liu et al. (1982) and Ma (1986) put Kuntulunia and Lycoptera tungi in Huashiidae and thought some characters of their caudal skeletons were automorphies of osteoglossomorphs, thus they referred Huashiidae to Osteoglossomorpha like Lycoptera. But the skull of huashiids was distinct from that of all the osteoglossomorphs, because of this, Zhang (1990) set up huashiids as a suborder which was equal in rank to the other suborders of osteoglossomorphs. This paper reviewed the synapomorphies defining Osteoglossomorpha, compared huashiids, osteoglossomorphs, Chanos and representatives of other teleostean groups in detail and concluded that what huashiids and osteoglossomorphs shared were not their automorphies, while huashiids shared derived characters with Chanos as well, the reason why Huashiidae was referred to Osteoglossomorpha was the principle of parsimony. The cladograms were built by Henning 86, the figures were drawn with the Camera Lucida of Wild Microscope. This study was supported by the President Foundation of IVPP.