昆虫γ-氨基丁酸受体研究现状

γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是脊椎动物和无脊椎动物体内重要的抑制性神经递质,其作用是引起神经传递的抑制,造成突触后膜的超极化,因而抑制动作电位的产生。占领GABA受体或破坏GABA受体的作用即能影响动物(昆虫)正常的突触传递,造成神经功能失常,从而引起死亡。基于此开发的杀虫剂主要有环戊二烯类,阿维菌素类等。近年GABA受体基因及其表达的研究,已为不同的种属GABA受体的亚基组成、生理功能及其对很多杀虫剂药物反应的多样性提供了令人信服的依据。

Advances in research of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors of insects

As an inhibitory neurotransmitter distributed widely in the central nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates, γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） inhibits nerve transmission, causes hyper-polarization of the postsynaptic membrane and thus inhibits the generation of action potential. The normal synaptic transmission in animals （insects） would be interfered under the condition of the occupation or breakage of GABA receptor, which finally causes the death of organisms. Some pesticides such as cyclopentadienes and avermectins have been developed based on the mechanism. In recent years, the research on GABA receptor gene and its expression has provided convincing data for physiological function of the diverse GABA receptor subunits and their response to pesticides.