小麦灌水时期与灌水量对花后果聚糖积累与转运及水分利用效率的影响

于2004-2005年和2005-2006年冬小麦生长季，在山东泰安和兖州进行田间试验，研究不同灌水时期和灌水量处理对冬小麦开花后倒二节间果聚糖积累与转运和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明：全生育期不灌水促进了灌浆后期倒二节间贮藏果聚糖向籽粒的转运.在拔节期和开花期各灌水60 mm，可提高开花后旗叶的光合速率和同化物输入籽粒量及其对籽粒的贡献率，拔节期、开花期和灌浆期各灌水60 mm或拔节期和开花期各灌水90 mm，灌浆后期旗叶的光合速率显著降低，营养器官花前贮藏同化物转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率升高，花后同化物输入籽粒量及其对籽粒的贡献率降低，灌浆后期倒二节间的聚合度（DP）≥4、DP=3果聚糖滞留量增加，不利于果聚糖向籽粒的转运.两个生长季中，拔节期和开花期各灌水60mm处理的小麦籽粒产量较高，水分利用效率最高.拔节期、开花期和灌浆期各灌水60 mm或拔节期和开花期各灌水90 mm，小麦籽粒产量无显著变化，水分利用效率降低.

Effects of irrigation stage and amount on winter wheat fructan accumulation and translocation after anthesis and water use efficiency

Field experiments were conducted in Tai'an and Yanzhou of Shandong Province in2004-2005 and 2005-2006 to study the effects of irrigation stage and amount on the accumulation and translocation of fructan in winter wheat penuh stem and sheath after anthesis and the water use efficiency.No irrigation in whole growth period promoted the translocation of fructan from penult stem and sheath to grain at late grain-filling stage.Irrigation with 60 mm water at jointing and anthesis stages increased the flag leaf photosynthetic rate and photo-assimilate accumulation after anthesis,and the contribution of the photo-assimilates to the grain.Irrigation with 60 mm water at jointing,anthesis,and grain-filling stages,and with 90 mm water at jointing and anthesis stages decreased the flag leaf photosynthetic rate at late grain-filling stage,increased the photo-assimilate accumulation before anthesis and the contribution of the photo-assimilates to the grain,and reduced the translocation of the photo-assimilates after anthesis to the grain.Excessive irrigation also increased the contents of fructan with the degree of polymerization(DP)≥4 and =3 in penuh stem and sheath at late grain-filling stage,limiting the translocation of fructan from penuh stem and sheath to grain.Irrigation with 60 mm water at jointing and anthesis stages led to a higher grain yield and the highest water use efficiency,while irrigation with 60 mm water at jointing,anthesis,and grain-filling stages,and with 90 mm water at jointing and anthesis stages had little effects on the grain yield but decreased the water use efficiency.