Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Container Habitats of Mosquitoes |
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Authors: | Loganathan Ponnusamy Ning Xu Gil Stav Dawn M Wesson Coby Schal Charles S Apperson |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7647, Raleigh, NC 27695-7647, USA;(2) Department of Tropical Medicine, Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA |
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Abstract: | We investigated the bacterial diversity of microbial communities in water-filled, human-made and natural container habitats
of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in suburban landscapes of New Orleans, Louisiana in 2003. We collected water samples from three classes of containers, including
tires (n = 12), cemetery urns (n = 23), and miscellaneous containers that included two tree holes (n = 19). Total genomic DNA was extracted from water samples, and 16S ribosomal DNA fragments (operational taxonomic units,
OTUs) were amplified by PCR and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The bacterial communities in
containers represented diverse DGGE-DNA banding patterns that were not related to the class of container or to the local spatial
distribution of containers. Mean richness and evenness of OTUs were highest in water samples from tires. Bacterial phylotypes
were identified by comparative sequence analysis of 90 16S rDNA DGGE band amplicons. The majority of sequences were placed
in five major taxa: Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and an unclassified group; Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the predominant heterotrophic bacteria in containers. The bacterial communities in human-made containers consisted mainly
of undescribed species, and a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences suggested that species composition was independent
of both container type and the spatial distribution of containers. Comparative PCR-based, cultivation-independent rRNA surveys
of microbial communities associated with mosquito habitats can provide significant insight into community organization and
dynamics of bacterial species.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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