大和切叶蜂对其蜜源植物披针叶黄华的盗蜜行为

【目的】调查和观测内蒙古毛乌素沙地大和切叶蜂Megachile (Xanthosaurus) japonica Alfken对其蜜源植物披针叶黄华Thermopsis lupinoides (L.)的盗蜜行为。【方法】在披针叶黄华花期内, 设置样方观测披针叶黄华的主要访花昆虫。采用目测, 拍照等方法对大和切叶蜂盗蜜行为进行观测, 记录和统计花被盗蜜后留下的盗蜜孔的数量和在花上的位置。【结果】大和切叶蜂在披针叶黄华传粉蜂中数量上占有绝对的优势。作为初级盗蜜者时, 用上颚在花基部切割出一个纵向裂口, 将口器伸入孔内吸取花蜜。作为次级盗蜜者时, 利用已有的孔洞来吸蜜。在盗蜜时没有表现出寻找已经存在的盗蜜孔来吸蜜的现象, 同时其个体在盗蜜时表现出“偏好”花基部一侧的行为。在13个样地, 已开放花朵被盗蜜率最低为95.4%, 最高达到100%, 而未开放花朵的被盗蜜率最高则达到64.7%。【结论】在毛乌素沙地大和切叶蜂既是披针叶黄华的主要传粉者, 也是其初级盗蜜者和次级盗蜜者。

Nectar-robbing behavior of Megachile(Xanthosaurus)japonica Alfken (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)on its nectar plant Thermopsis lupinoides (Leguminosae)

【Aim】 To investigate the nectar robbing behavior of Megachile (Xanthosaurus) japonica Alfken on its nectar plant Thermopsis lupinoides (L.)in Mu Us sandland, Inner Mongolia.【Methods】 During the flowering season of T. lupinoides, we investigated the main pollinators and observed the robbing behavior of M. japonica on T. lupinoides, and recorded the position of holes in the corolla tube chewed by robbers at the base of flowers near the nectar spur. 【Results】 M. japonica is the dominant pollinator of T. lupinoides. As primary robbers, M. japonica bees cut a longitudinal split at the base of flowers by mandibles and obtain nectar through it, while directly obtain nectar without making holes when they act as secondary robbers. They did not show an tendency to seek pre-cut robbing holes, but individuals displayed a preference for one side of the flowers. In 13 plots, the percentage of nectar robbing from blooming flowers was from 95.4% to 100%, and only reached 64.7% in buds. 【Conclusions】 M. japonica is not only the main pollinator but also the primary robber and secondary robber of T. lupinoides in Mu Us sandland.