Synergistic effect of surfactin from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> C4 and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Achyrocline satureioides</Emphasis> extracts on the viability of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paenibacillus larvae</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | D C Sabaté M J Gonzaléz M P Porrini M J Eguaras M C Audisio J M Marioli |
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Institution: | 1.Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI),Salta,Argentina;2.Universidad Nacional de Salta,Salta,Argentina;3.Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET),Salta,Argentina;4.Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales,Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto,Río Cuarto,Argentina;5.Arthropods Laboratory FCEyN,Buenos Aires,Argentina;6.Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata,Buenos Aires,Argentina;7.Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales,Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto,Río Cuarto,Argentina |
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Abstract: | The aim of this work was to determine the in vitro effect of the mixture between the lipopeptide surfactin, synthesized by
Bacillus subtilis C4 (strain isolated from honey) and the most active vegetal extract from Achyrocline satureioides, a traditional medicinal plant, on local strains of Paenibacillus larvae, the agent of American Foulbrood in honeybees. Five P. larvae strains isolated in Córdoba, Argentina, were phenotypically characterized. These and 12 other P. larvae strains from different regions of Argentina were analysed. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oil, hexane (HE)
and benzene extracts from A. satureioides were assessed against P. larvae and the HE showed the highest anti-P. larvae activity. A combination of the biosurfactant surfactin, produced by B. subtilis C4, and the HE of A. satureioides revealed a synergistic action on P. larvae. The effective surfactin concentration in the mixture decreased from 32 to 1 μg ml−1 and the HE concentration from 32 to 4 μg ml−1, values similar or equal to minimal inhibitory concentrations observed for oxytetracycline. The fractional inhibitory concentration
index confirmed synergism in 4 strains and partial synergism in one strain. The combination of surfactin synthesized by B. subtilis C4 and the HE from A. satureioides could be a natural alternative to help beekeepers to combat the American foulbrood agent P. larvae. |
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