新建果园几种作物间种模式生态系统结构及功能研究

从荒坡地新建果园10多种农作物间种模式中筛选出5种优化模式，分析和评价了各种种植模式的生态系统的结构和功能．结果表明，随着重复种植的增加，5种间种模式土壤有机质年增加5％一20％，全氮年增加7％一40％，全磷年增加8％一70％，全钾年增加15％一80％；水土保持最好的是花生-秋大豆、春大豆-秋大豆，其次为西红柿-白菜、辣椒-西红柿和早稻-红萝卜，土壤平均侵蚀量和地表径流量与对照相比分别降低44．19％、38．24％、39．52％、37．56％、37．30％和22．40％、9．28％、24．11％、21．60％、15．93％；在5种模式中，生物量最高的是辣椒—西红柿，年均达到100276kg.hm^-2，其次是花生-秋大豆，年均达到77026kg.hm^-2；而生产力最高的是花生—秋大豆，达到15619kg.hm^-2，其次是西红柿—白菜，为15394kg.hm^-2；投能效率最高的是辣椒—西红柿，年均达到3．06，其次为西红柿—白菜、花生—秋大豆、春大豆—秋大豆、早稻-红萝卜，分别为2．16、2．15、2．06和0．71．同时，有机、无机能输入效应表明，以生物能为主源输入进行转化利用太阳光能和水土资源，维护了果园生态系统的能量盈余，生态效益较高．

Structure and function of several intercropping ecosystems in newly built orchard

Sloping wildland is the important potential land resource in China. Structures and functions of five optimized models selected from more than 10 intercropping patterns in the newly built orchards in the uncultivated sloping field were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that organic matter was increased by 5-20%, total N by 7-40%, total P by 8-70%, and total K by 15-80% yearly. Considering its benefit in soil and water conservation, the intercropping model of peanut and autumn soybean was the best, and followed by spring soybean and autumn soybean, tomato and Chinese cabbage, cayenne and tomato, and drought rice and red turnip. Compared with the control, the average soil erosion module and runoff amount of the 5 models were decreased by 44.19%, 38.24%, 39.52%, 37.56%, 37.30%, and 22.40%, 9.28%, 24.11%, 21.60%, 15.93%, respectively. The intercropping model of cayenne and tomato had the highest biomass, and its annual biomass averaged 1,00,267 kg.hm-2. The biomass of intercropping model of peanut and autumn soybean was the second, and the annual value averaged 77,026 kg.hm-2. Intercropping model of peanut and autumn had the highest annual productivity, which averaged 15,619 kg.hm-2, and that of intercropping model of tomato and Chinese cabbage was the second, averaged 15,394 kg.hm-2. The efficiency of energy introjection was in order of cayenne and tomato, tomato and Chinese cabbage, peanut and autumn soybean, spring soybean and autumn soybean, and dry rice and red turnip, and their values were 3.06, 2.16, 2.15, 2.06, and 0.71, respectively.