Induction of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gentiana cruciata</Emphasis> hairy roots and their secondary metabolites

Gentiana cruciata L. (cross gentian) is a medicinal and ornamental plant. The root extracts of this species are known to exhibit many curative properties. The natural Gentiana populations are exposed to great danger because of their uncontrolled usage. In this study, hairy roots from Gentiana cruciata L. stem and leaf explants belonging to three different clones were induced by inoculation with four different Agrobacterium rhizogenes wild strains namely A4, 15834, 8196 and R1000. Induction of the root transformation was significantly dependent on the explant type used. On the other hand, the genotype and bacterial strain had no significant effect on hairy root formation. Hairy root formation percentages of the explants varied between 5.6–33.3% in the stem explants, and between 0.0–6.7% in the leaf explants. Transformations of the hairy roots were confirmed by PCR using rolC specific primers, and revealed the absence of contaminating A. rhizogenes with virC primers. Total of twelve hairy root clones were obtained, and their secondary metabolite content was also analyzed by HPLC. Quantitative results exhibited that gentiopicroside was the most abundant compound in all root samples. Furthermore, metabolites such as loganic acid, swertiamarin, and sweroside were also identified and quantified in the samples.