Tyrosine availability prevents tyramine-induced tachyphylaxis in the isolated rat heart

Isolated rat hearts perfused with Chenoweth-Koelle solution exhibit tachyphylaxis to tyramine. This tachyphylaxis was prevented if tyrosine was included in the perfusion solution. Other amino acids, including glycine, serine, phenylalanine, valine, tryptophan, glutamate, aspartate, arginine, lysine and -tyrosine, failed to prevent the tyramine-induced tachyphylaxis. Hearts from reserpinized animals showed increased chronotropy after tyramine only when tyrosine was present in the medium. This response could be blocked by , m-hydroxybenzyl-hydrazine and d,l-propanolol, indicating that it was mediated by the synthesis and release of catecholamines. These experiments suggest that sympathetic nerves in the isolated rat heart exhibit a requirement for tyrosine when catecholamine release is enhanced.