天然产物中五元杂环生物合成过程的研究进展

五元杂环是指一类含有除碳以外的杂原子的五元环有机化合物,可分为含有一个杂原子的杂环和含有两个杂原子的五元杂环。杂原子通常为氮原子、氧原子或硫原子,在成环时符合休克尔(Hückel)规则,具有芳香性。五元杂环以独特的生物学特性和参与氢键相互作用的能力,成为天然化合物发挥活性功能的重要基团。五元杂环在不同的生物合成途径中有多种环化过程,其前体可以是天然氨基酸、乙酸及乙酰辅酶A等多种形式。将从吡咯、恶唑和噻唑三种五元杂环入手,以代表性化合物为例,对其在生命体中生物合成过程的成环过程进行探讨,为组合生物合成和未知化合物中五元杂环成环过程的研究提供参考。

Research Progress in Biosynthesis of Five-membered Heterocyclic Rings in Natural Products

Five-membered heterocyclic rings refer to the five-membered rings containing heteroatoms besides carbon atom in the organic compounds, which can be classified into containing one or two heteroatoms, such as nitrogen atom, oxygen atom or sulfur atom. The ring formation always abide by Hückel rules with aromaticity characterization. Due to its unique biological characteristics and the ability to participate in hydrogen bond interaction, five membered heterocyclic rings usual act as important function groups in the nature compounds. The cyclization processes of five-membered heterocyclic rings are various in different biosynthetic pathways, and the precursor compounds always being natural amino acids, acetic acids, acetyl coenzyme A or other forms. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the cycle forming process of pyrrole, oxazole and thiazole of the representative compounds, in order to insight the unknown processes so as to provide the scientific bases for the coming combinatorial biosynthesis or unpredictable five-membered heterocyclic ring biosynthesis.