Patterns of plant invasions in China: Taxonomic,biogeographic, climatic approaches and anthropogenic effects |
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Authors: | Shan-Huah Wu Hao-Ting Sun Yung-Ching Teng Marcel Rejmánek Shu-Miaw Chaw T-Y Aleck Yang Chang-Fu Hsieh |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan;(2) Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec. 4, Dingchou Rd., Taipei, 116, Taiwan;(3) Biodiversity Association of Taiwan, 4F, 4-1, Chuanchou St., Taipei, 100, Taiwan;(4) Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA;(5) Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2. Academy Rd., Taipei, 115, Taiwan;(6) Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural Science, 1, Kuanchien Rd., Taichung, 404, Taiwan;(7) Department of Life Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250, Kuokuang Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan |
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Abstract: | This study was aimed to determine the patterns as well as the effects of biological, anthropogenic, and climatic factors on
plant invasions in China. About 270 volumes of national and regional floras were employed to compile a naturalized flora of
China. Habit, life form, origin, distribution, and uses of naturalized plants were also analyzed to determine patterns on
invasion. Correlations between biological, anthropogenic and climatic parameters were estimated at province and regional scales.
Naturalized species represent 1% of the flora of China. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae are the dominant families, but Euphorbiaceae
and Cactaceae have the largest ratios of naturalized species to their global numbers. Oenothera, Euphorbia, and Crotalaria were the dominant genera. Around 50% of exotic species were introduced intentionally for medicinal purposes. Most of the
naturalized species originated in tropical America, followed by Asia and Europe. Number of naturalized species was significantly
correlated to the number of native species/log area. The intensity of plant invasion showed a pattern along climate zones
from mesic to xeric, declining with decreasing temperature and precipitation across the nation. Anthropogenic factor, such
as distance of transportation, was significantly correlated to plant invasions at a regional scale. Although anthropogenic
factors were largely responsible for creating opportunities for exotic species to spread and establish, the local biodiversity
and climate factors were the major factors shaping the pattern of plant invasions in China. The warm regions, which are the
hot spots of local biodiversity, and relatively developed areas of China, furthermore, require immediate attentions. |
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