Estimating the availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for bioremediation of creosote contaminated soils |
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Authors: | G D Breedveld D A Karlsen |
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Institution: | (1) Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, PO Box 3930 Ullevaal Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway e-mail: gbr@ngi.no Tel.: +47-220-23000 Fax: +47-222-30448, NO;(2) Department of Geology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1047 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, NO |
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Abstract: | Bioremediation of soil contaminated by organic compounds can remove the contaminants to a large extent, but residual contamination
levels may remain which are not or only slowly biodegraded. Residual levels often exceed existing clean-up guidelines and
thereby limit the use of bioremediation in site clean-up. A method for estimating the expected residual levels would be a
useful tool in the assessment of the feasability of bioremediation. In this study, three soil types from a creosote-contaminated
field site, which had been subjected to 6 months of bioremediation in laboratory column studies, were used to characterize
the residual contamination levels and assess their availability for biodegradation. The soils covered a wide range of organic
carbon levels and particle size distributions. Results from the biodegradation studies were compared with desorption rate
measurements and selective extractability using butanol. Residual levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after bioremediation
were found to be strongly dependent on soil type. The presence of both soil organic matter and asphaltic compounds in the
soil was found to be associated with higher residual levels. Good agreement was found between the biodegradable fraction and
the rapidly desorbable fraction in two of the three soils studied. Butanol extraction was found to be a useful method for
roughly estimating the biodegradable fraction in the soil samples. The results indicate that both desorption and selective
extraction measurements could aid the assessment of the feasability for bioremediation and identifying acceptable end-points.
Received: 15 September 1999 / Received revision: 7 February 2000 / Accepted: 13 February 2000 |
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