Comparative molecular biological analysis of membrane transport genes in organisms |
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Authors: | Toshifumi Nagata Shigemi Iizumi Kouji Satoh Shoshi Kikuchi |
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Institution: | (1) Plant Genome Research Unit, Division of Genome and Biodiversity Research, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan |
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Abstract: | Comparative analyses of membrane transport genes revealed many differences in the features of transport homeostasis in eight
diverse organisms, ranging from bacteria to animals and plants. In bacteria, membrane-transport systems depend mainly on single
genes encoding proteins involved in an ATP-dependent pump and secondary transport proteins that use H+ as a co-transport molecule. Animals are especially divergent in their channel genes, and plants have larger numbers of P-type
ATPase and secondary active transporters than do other organisms. The secondary transporter genes have diverged evolutionarily
in both animals and plants for different co-transporter molecules. Animals use Na+ ions for the formation of concentration gradients across plasma membranes, dependent on secondary active transporters and
on membrane voltages that in turn are dependent on ion transport regulation systems. Plants use H+ ions pooled in vacuoles and the apoplast to transport various substances; these proton gradients are also dependent on secondary
active transporters. We also compared the numbers of membrane transporter genes in Arabidopsis and rice. Although many transporter
genes are similar in these plants, Arabidopsis has a more diverse array of genes for multi-efflux transport and for response
to stress signals, and rice has more secondary transporter genes for carbohydrate and nutrient transport.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
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Keywords: | Membrane transporter Comparative molecular analysis Oryza sativa |
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