Thermoregulatory behavior and critical thermal limits of the angelfish <i>Pterophyllum scalare</i> (Lichtenstein) (Pisces: Cichlidae)期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

*Thermoregulatory behavior and critical thermal limits of the angelfish Pterophyllum scalare* (Lichtenstein) (Pisces: Cichlidae)**

Authors:	Estela P rez, Fernando Dí az,Sonia Espina

Affiliation:	^a Laboratorio Acuario, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico, D.F. 04510, Mexico ^b Departamento de Acuicultura, Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Km. 107, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, 22830, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico ^c Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico, D.F., 04510., Mexico

Abstract:	(1)Final temperature preferendum of juvenile (0.9–1.9 g) and adult (5.2–12.5 g) angelfish Pterophyllum scalare were determined with acute and gravitation methods. The final preferenda were similar, independent of the method and development stage (29.0–31.1°C). (2)The critical thermal maxima (CTMax) for juveniles were 36.9°C, 37.6°C, 40.6°C, 40.8°C and for adults 38.4°C, 38.6°C, 41.0°C, 42.1°C. Adult angelfish CTMax was slightly higher than in juveniles (1°C; P<0.05); the endpoint of CTMax was the onset of spasms. (3)The acclimation response ratio for both stages had an interval of 0.33–0.44; these values are in agreement with results for subtropical and tropical fishes. (4)Therefore it is recommended that angelfish cultivation should be consistent with temperatures that do not change abruptly throughout the year and temperature maximum does not exceed 30°C.

Keywords:	Preferred temperature Acute and gravitation methods Critical thermal maximum Acclimation response ratio Pterophyllum scalare
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