珍稀濒危植物峨眉含笑种实表型性状的空间变异特征

通过分析珍稀濒危植物峨眉含笑（Michelia wilsonii）种子与果实的表型性状特征，研究其变异规律和空间自相关性，为峨眉含笑天然种群的保护利用工作提供依据。以雅安周公山的峨眉含笑为研究对象，测定12项种实表型性状指标，采用变异系数和半方差函数，探究峨眉含笑种实的空间变异特征。结果显示：（1）峨眉含笑种实表型性状的平均变异系数为27.59%，种实的形态变异程度最小，种子性状的变异程度比果实性状更为丰富。（2）聚合果下部的种子败育率与蓇葖败育率最高，分别为18.32%和38.22%；中部的败育率最低，分别为15.05%和23.45%。（3）半方差函数模型以指数和球状模型为主，呈聚集分布。除果实长、种子纵径和种子败育率外，其余9项指标具有中高等强度的空间自相关性。（4）9项指标的各向异性比接近于1，空间异质性表现为各向同性。因此，峨眉含笑种实表型性状在中等尺度的空间范围内具有丰富的变异性。

Spatial Variation of Phenotypes of Fruit and Seed Traits of Michelia wilsonii,a Rare and Endangered Plant

In order to provide a basis for the conservation and utilization of Michelia wilsonii natural population， the phenotypes of fruit and seed traits of M. wilsonii were analyzed， and the variation mechanism and spatial autocorrelation was studied. M. wilsonii natural population was taken as materials， which located in Zhougong Mountain， Ya’an， 12 phenotypic traits were determined. The spatial variation characteristics of fruits and seeds of M. wilsonii were explored by using coefficient of variation and semi-variogram. The results showed that：（1）The average coefficient of variation of phenotypic fruit and seed traits was 27.59%， the variation extent of morphological traits was the least， and the variation extent of seed traits was more abundant than that of fruit. （2）The seed abortion rate and follicle abortion rate were the highest in the lower part of fruit， which were 18.32% and 38.22% respectively. The seed and follicle abortion rates were lowest in the middle part of fruit， which were 15.05% and 23.45% respectively. （3）The semi-variogram models were dominated by exponential and spherical models， presenting a distribution of aggregation. Except fruit length， seed longitudinal diameter and seed abortion rate， the other nine indexes showed medium and high spatial autocorrelation respectively. （4）The anisotropy ratios of the nine indexes were close to 1， and the spatial heterogeneity was isotropy. Therefore， the phenotypic fruit and seed traits of M. wilsonii had abundant variation in the medium scale spatial range.