Biomass increment and carbon sequestration in hedgerow-grown trees |
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| Institution: | 1. Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle, Belgium;2. Faculty Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Brusselsesteenweg 161, 9090 Melle, Belgium;3. UGCT – UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;4. Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;5. Forest is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;1. Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61–680 Poznań, Poland;2. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;3. Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62–035 Kórnik, Poland;4. Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60–625 Poznań, Poland;5. Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E Lowell St, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States;2. UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Gent, Belgium;3. Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000, Gent, Belgium;4. Forest Is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium;5. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, HW Pearson Building, University Ave N, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa;6. Department of Geography, University of Alabama, Box 870322, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, United States;1. Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium;2. Laboratory of Wood Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium;3. Department Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;4. Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium;1. Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Isotope Bioscience Laboratory, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, BE-9000 Gent, Belgium;3. Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.09, BE-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;4. UGCT-Woodlab-UGent, Ghent University, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Forest and Water Management, Coupure Links 653, BE-9000 Gent, Belgium;5. Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium;1. UGCT – UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;2. Forest is Life, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, University of Liège, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;3. Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Melle, Belgium;4. Flanders Heritage Agency, Havenlaan 88 box 5, 1000 Brussels, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | The global role of tree-based climate change mitigation is widely recognized; trees sequester large amounts of atmospheric carbon, and woody biomass has an important role in the future biobased economy. In national carbon and biomass budgets, trees growing in hedgerows and tree rows are often allocated the same biomass increment data as forest-grown trees. However, the growing conditions in these linear habitats are different from forests given that the trees receive more solar radiation, potentially benefit from fertilization residuals from adjacent fields and have more physical growing space. Tree biomass increment and carbon storage in linear woody elements should therefore be quantified and correctly accounted for. We examined four different hedgerow systems with combinations of pedunculate oak, black alder and silver birch in northern Belgium. We used X-ray CT scans of pith-to-bark cores of 73 trees to model long-term (tree life span) and short-term (last five years) trends in basal area increment and increment in aboveground stem biomass. The studied hedgerows and tree rows showed high densities (168–985 trees km-1) and basal areas (22.1–44.9 m2 km-1). In all four hedgerow systems, we found a strong and persistent increase in stem biomass and thus carbon accumulation with diameter (long-term trend). The current growth performance (short-term trend) also increased with tree diameter and was not related to hedgerow tree density or basal area, which indicates that competition for light does not (yet) limit tree growth in these ecosystems. The total stem volume was 82.0–339.7 m³ km-1 (corresponding to 18.8–100.7 Mg aboveground carbon km-1) and the stem volume increment was 3.1–14.5 m³ km-1 year-1 (aboveground carbon sequestration 0.7–4.3 Mg km-1 year-1). The high tree densities and the persistent increase in growth of trees growing in hedgerow systems resulted in substantial wood production and carbon sequestration rates at the landscape scale. Our findings show that trees growing in hedgerow systems should be included when biomass and carbon budgets are drafted. The biomass production rates of hedgerow trees we provide can help refine the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. |
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| Keywords: | Trees outside forests Biomass increment Carbon sequestration Terrestrial carbon management Dendrochronology X-ray CT |
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