High frequency residues: A new set of signals for detectability studies of an X-ray imaging system |
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| Institution: | 1. Servicio de Radiofísica y Protección Radiológica. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, ctra. Madrid-Cartagena s/n, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain;1. Department of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain;2. Servicio de Radiofísica y Protección Radiológica, ESI/OSI Donostialdea, Donostia, Spain;3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain;4. Servicio de Radiofísica y Protección Radiológica. Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain;5. Independent researcher, Madrid, Spain;1. Trillium Health Partners, Peel Regional Cancer Centre, Mississauga, ON, Canada;2. University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Toronto, ON, Canada;3. University of Ryerson, Department of Physics, Toronto, Canada;4. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada;5. York University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Toronto, ON, Canada;1. Department of Medical Physics, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;2. Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10, Higashioku, Arakawa-ku Tokyo 116-8551, Japan;3. Division of Research and Development for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, National Cancer Center Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;4. Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;1. Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physics, University Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovica 3, Novi Sad, Serbia;2. Faculty of Medicine, University Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljka 11, Novi Sad, Serbia;3. Oncology Institute Vojvodina, Put dr Goldmana 4, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia;4. Clinical Center Vojvodina, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia;5. Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, PO Box 522, Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia;1. Department of Radiation Oncology, “G. D’Annunzio” University, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, Chieti, Italy;2. Medical Physics Unit, ASST “Papa Giovanni XXIII”, Bergamo, Italy;3. Medical Physics Unit, “S. Chiara” Hospital, Trento, Italy;4. Medical Physics Unit, “Tor Vergata” University, Rome, Italy;5. Electrophysiology Unit, ASST “Papa Giovanni XXIII”, Bergamo, Italy;6. Cardiology Unit, “S. Chiara” Hospital, Trento, Italy;7. Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, Chieti, Italy;8. Arrhythmology Unit, “SS. Annunziata” Hospital, Chieti, Italy |
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| Abstract: | A new set of signals for studying detectability of an X-ray imaging system is presented. The results obtained with these signals are intended to complement the NEQ results.The signals are generated from line spread profiles by progressively removing their lower frequency components and the resulting high frequency residues (HFRs) form the set of signals to be used in detectability studies. Detectability indexes for these HFRs are obtained using a non-prewhitening (NPW) observer and a series of edge images are used to obtain the HFRs, the covariance matrices required by the NPW model and the MTF and NPS used in NEQ calculations. The template used in the model is obtained by simulating the processes of blurring and sampling of the edge images. Comparison between detectability indexes for the HFRs and NEQ are carried out for different acquisition techniques using different beam qualities and doses.The relative sensitivity shown by detectability indexes using HFRs is higher than that of NEQ, especially at lower doses. Also, the different observers produce different results at high doses: while the ideal Bayesian observer used by NEQ distinguishes between beam qualities, the NPW used with the HFRs produces no differences between them.Delta functions used in HFR are the opposite of complex exponential functions in terms of their support in the spatial and frequency domains. Since NEQ can be interpreted as detectability of these complex exponential functions, detectability of HFRs is presented as a natural complement to NEQ in the performance assessment of an imaging system. |
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| Keywords: | Diagnostic imaging quality control Detectability Edge phantom High frequency residues Non-prewhitening observer NEQ |
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