后生元缓解胃肠道疾病的研究进展及其潜在机制

胃肠道是全身代谢最活跃的器官之一，也是人体内最大的细菌库。人体胃肠道中含有丰富的微生物群，其与宿主健康存在着错综复杂的关系。肠道菌群处于一种动态平衡的状态，当这种平衡被打破时会引起便秘、腹泻、肠易激综合征、炎症性肠病和结直肠癌等胃肠道疾病的发生。近年来，关于后生元的研究越来越多，其对肠道屏障的保护作用与益生菌类似甚至效果更佳。本文重点介绍了当前后生元在动物实验和临床中改善胃肠道疾病的相关研究，探讨了后生元在胃肠道中的作用及其在增强上皮屏障、调节免疫系统、肠道菌群和神经系统4个方面的潜在作用机制。

Research progress and potential mechanism of postbiotics in alleviating gastrointestinal diseases

The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most metabolically active organs and the largest reservoir of bacteria in the human body. The human gastrointestinal tract contains rich microbiota, which has a complex relationship with the host health. The gut microbiota is in a dynamic equilibrium, the disturbance of which can cause gastrointestinal diseases such as constipation, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. In recent years, there have been increasing studies on postbiotics. The protective effect of postbiotics on intestinal barrier is similar or even superior to that of probiotics. We reviewed the studies of postbiotics in animal experiments and clinical studies in alleviating gastrointestinal diseases and summarized the role and mechanisms of postbiotics in enhancing the epithelial barrier and regulating the immune system, gut microbiota, and nervous system.