铜鼓岭国家级自然保护区植物多样性

铜鼓岭自然保护区地处海南岛东北部文昌县境内的滨海低丘陵。为全面了解其植物多样性及经过18年的保护后其植被变化特征,作者采用野外调查与植物群落学相结合的方法,对海南岛铜鼓岭保护区的各类植被多样性进行了调查。本次调查共记录到植物984种,隶属166科618属。其中海南特有种35个,如海南苏铁(Cycashain-anensis)、茶槁楠(Phoebehainanensis)、古山龙(Arcangelisiagusanhung)等;濒危保护物种12个,分别为:金毛狗(Cibotiumbarometz)、海南苏铁、蕉木(Oncodostigmahainanense)、白木香(Aquilariasinensis)、海南大风子(Hydnocarpushainanensis)、红花天料木(母生)(Homaliumhainanense)、粘木(Ixonantheschinensis)、毛茶(Antirheachinensis)、野生龙眼(Dimocarpuslongan)、野生荔枝(Litchichinensis)、苦梓(Gmelinahainanensis)、白桂木(Artocarpushypargyreus)。该保护区内的主要植被类型热带常绿季雨矮林、灌木林和红树林的Shannon-Wiener指数分别为4.7485、4.5876和1.8096,Simpson指数分别为0.9247、0.9206和0.6978。在热带常绿季雨矮林2,800m2的标准样地内,树高大于1.5m的乔木共有81种1,366个个体,重要值较高的物种分别为黄椿木姜(Litseavariabilis)、海南大风子、滨木患(Aryteralittoralis)、禾串树(Brideliainsulana)、无患子(Sapindusmukorossi)等,18年前的优势种鸭脚木(Scheffleraoctophylla)被黄椿木姜所替代。另外,种数—个体数分析得出3,300m2标准样方内高于1.5m的单个体种有20种,双个体种有13种,占标准样方内所记录物种总数的32.7%。总体来说,热带常绿季雨矮林群落发展稳定,灌木林有向次生林演替的趋势,红树林遭破坏严重,面积减小,多样性也不是很高。所以从植被角度来说对铜鼓岭自然保护区的保护是重要的。

Species diversity of forests in Tongguling National Nature Reserve, Hainan

Tongguling National Nature Reserve is located in northeastern Hainan Province. To analyze its vegetation variation after 18 years of protection, we investigated the species diversity of plants in the reserve in 2005. A total of 984 plant species, belonging to 618 genera and 166 families, were recorded. Of these, 35 species are endemic to Hainan, such as Cycas hainanensis, Phoebe hainanensis, and Arcangelisia gusan- hung, and 12 are listed as nationally endangered and protected species, including Cibotium barometz, Cycas hainanensis, Oncodostigma hainanense, Aquilaria sinensis, Hydnocarpus hainanensis, Homalium hain- anense, Ixonanthes chinensis, Antirhea chinensis, Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis, Gmelina hainanen- sis, and Artocarpus hypargyreus. The Shannon-Wiener indices of the three major vegetation types, namely tropical evergreen monsoon elfin forest, tropical shrubland, and mangrove forest, were 4.7485, 4.5876, and 1.8096, respectively, while Simpson diversity indices were 0.9247, 0.9206, and 0.6978, respectively. In the 2,800-m2 plots of tropical evergreen monsoon elfin forest, a total of 1,366 trees over 1.5 m tall were recorded, belonging to 81 species. Of these, the top five dominant species were Litsea variabilis, Hydnocarpus hain-anensis, Arytera littoralis, Bridelia insulana, and Sapindus mukorossi. It is notable that the dominant species Schefflera octophylla in 1987 has been replaced by Litsea variabilis. Among the trees more than 1.5 m tall in the 3,300-m2 plots, there are 20 singleton species and 13 doubleton ones, accounting for 32.7% of the total tree species. In general, the development of tropical evergreen monsoon elfin forest tends to be stable, and shrublands are in succession to secondary forests. The area of mangrove forests has been reduced because of serious destruction. Therefore, further protection of Tongguling National Nature Reserve is important and necessary.