NLRP3炎性小体在肌肉骨骼系统疾病中的作用

炎性小体是先天性免疫系统的受体和传感器，在许多疾病的发生和进展中起着关键的病理作用。近期研究表明，NOD样受体家族核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体3 (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3, NLRP3)炎性小体参与了对公共健康具有高度影响的疾病的发生，如肌肉骨骼系统疾病。肌肉骨骼系统疾病是主要由工作和周围环境引起或加重的肌肉、关节、骨骼等运动系统疾病，以及相关神经、循环系统损伤的疾病。NLRP3小体的激活可以诱导炎症及引发焦亡，造成机体进一步损伤。因此，以NLRP3炎性小体为切入点，开展对肌肉骨骼系统疾病的预防和治疗具有重要意义。研究炎症性疾病中NLRP3炎性小体活动的机制及作用已然成为新的研究方向。本文对NLRP3炎性小体的激活途径及机制进行了概述，并分析了NLRP3炎性小体在肌少症、骨质疏松症和关节炎等肌肉骨骼系统疾病中的作用，以期为肌肉骨骼系统疾病的治疗提供理论依据。

Role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in musculoskeletal disorders

Inflammasomes are innate immune sensors and receptors that play key pathological roles in the development and progression of numerous diseases. Recent studies have shown that NLRP3 inflammasomes are critical in the pathology of diseases with a high impact on public health, such as musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders, mainly caused or aggravated by work and the surrounding environment, are locomotor system disorders such as muscles, joints, bones, as well as diseases associated with neurological and circulatory system injuries. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes can induce inflammation and pyroptosis, leading to further bodily harm. Therefore, investigating the mechanism and function of NLRP3 inflammasomes, holds great significance and importance for the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. This review provides a summary of the activation pathway and mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasomes, and analyzes the role in musculoskeletal disorders such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis and arthritis, with the aim to facilitate the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.