城市绿地格局与居民社会经济特征关系研究进展

城市绿地为居民提供重要的生态系统服务,是居民接触自然、放松身心的重要场所.居民能否便捷地使用绿地,与其社会经济特征存在一定关联,该关联性是研究者和城市管理者关注的议题.以往的研究多针对单个城市,分析其绿地格局与居民特征的空间关系.本文对国内外相关的案例研究进行梳理,通过整合分析,归纳其主要研究结果,并探讨研究区、指标和分析方法的选择对研究结果的可能影响;其次,汇总以往研究所提出的城市绿地格局与居民特征间关系的主要影响因素,并结合案例进行分析.整合分析结果表明: 超过一半的案例(58.2%)认为绿地格局更有利于优势居民群体,但也有约四分之一的研究(25.4%)得到了相反的结果,发现弱势居民群体能够更便捷地使用绿地,余下(16.4%)的研究认为绿地格局与居民社会经济特征并不存在显著关联.研究者采用的分析单元、指标和分析方法多样,整体而言,没有发现研究方案的选择与研究结论存在明显联系.已有的案例以西方国家的城市为主,其研究地的发展历程和城市特点与我国城市存在很大差异.我国迫切需要依据自身城市的发展特点和时代需要开展本土研究,并分析影响我国城市绿地与居民特征间关系的主要因素.在城市化迅速发展时期,为建设人居和谐的可持续城市提供科学依据.

Research progress on relationship between urban greenspace distribution and the socioeconomic characteristics of residents

Urban greenspace, which serves as a place for residents to connect with nature and relax, provides important ecosystem services. Access to greenspace is often related to the socio-economic characteristics of residents, which received a lot attention from researchers and practitioners. Previous studies have mostly focused on single city to analyze the spatial relationship between greenspace distribution and residents’ characteristics. We conducted a meta-analysis with global studies. The objectives were to classify findings from different cases and investigate the impacts from the location of research area, indicator and analytical method, and summarized major factors influen-cing the relationship between greenspace distribution and residents’ characteristics. The results showed that more than half of the cases (58.2%) found that the socially advantaged population benefited more from greenspace. About a quarter cases (25.4%) revealed the opposite, that was, the disadvantaged population benefited more from greenspace. The remaining case studies (16.4%) did not find significant correlation between them. The studies reviewed here were diverse in terms of scale, indicator selection, and analytical method. Overall, we found no connection between finding and the choice of scale/indicator/analytical method. The reviewed case studies were mostly conducted in cities of western countries, which differed in their development trajectories and urban characteristics from cities in China. To understand association between urban greenspace and residents’ characteristics in China, we urged to carry out more local studies, which would potentially provide scientific evidence for building sustainable cities during rapid urbanization.