Interactions Between Signaling Compounds Involved in Plant Defense |
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Authors: | Rojo Enrique Solano Roberto Sánchez-Serrano José J |
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Institution: | 1.Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain ; |
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Abstract: | To elude or minimize the effects of disease and herbivory, plants rely on both constitutive and inducible defenses. In response
to attack by pathogens or pests, plants activate signaling cascades leading to the accumulation of endogenous hormones that
trigger the induction of defenses. Salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (E) are plant-specific hormones involved
in communicating the attack by many pathogens and pests in a broad range of plant species. SA, JA and E signaling cascades
do not activate defenses independently, but rather establish complex interactions that determine the response mounted in each
condition. Deployment of defenses is energetically costly, so a trade-off between the activation of resistance against a particular
pest or pathogen and down regulation of other defenses is common. Conversely, activation of broad range resistance in response
to an initial attack may serve to deter opportunistic agents. Thus, the interaction among SA, JA and E defense signaling pathways
can be antagonistic, cooperative or synergistic, depending on the plant species, the combination of organisms attacking the
plants, and the developmental and physiological state of the plant. A characterization of the interactions among defense signaling
pathways and the determination of the molecular components mediating cross-talk between the different pathways will be essential
for the rational design of transgenic plants with increased resistance to disease and/or herbivores without critically compromising
other agronomic traits. |
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