Salt tolerance in the halophyte Salicornia dolichostachya Moss: Growth,morphology and physiology |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;2. REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, Oporto, Portugal;3. Coimbra Military Health Centre, 3000-045 Coimbra, Portugal;4. Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal;1. Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Jaén (UJA), Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n E-23071 Jaén, Spain;2. Department of Geology, University of Jaén (UJA), Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n E-23071 Jaén, Spain;1. School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia;2. School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia;3. The Punda Zoie Company Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia;1. Department of Environmental Science, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516003, Andhra Pradesh, India;2. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516003, Andhra Pradesh, India;3. Dryland Cereals, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, Telangana, India;4. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287, Arizona, USA;1. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;2. International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Academic City, Al Ain Road, Al Ruwayyah 2, P.O. Box 14660 Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
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| Abstract: | Salinization of agricultural land is an increasing problem. Because of their high tolerance to salinity, Salicornia spp. could become models to study salt tolerance; they also represent promising saline crops. The salinity-growth response curve for Salicornia dolichostachya Moss was evaluated at 12 salt concentrations in a hydroponic study in a greenhouse and at 5 different seawater dilutions in an outside setting. Salt concentrations ranged between 0 mM and 500 mM NaCl (≈seawater salinity). Plants were grown for six weeks and morphological and physiological adaptations in different tissues were evaluated.S. dolichostachya had its growth optimum at 300 mM NaCl in the root medium, independent of the basis on which growth was expressed. The relative growth rate (RGR) in the greenhouse experiment was comparable with RGR-values in the outdoor growth experiment. Leaf succulence and stem diameter had the highest values at the growth optimum (300 mM NaCl). Carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C) decreased upon salinity. S. dolichostachya maintained a lower leaf sap osmotic potential relative to the external solution over the entire salinity range, this was mainly accomplished by accumulation of Na+ and Cl?. Glycine betaine concentrations did not significantly differ between the treatments. Na+:K+-ratio and K+-selectivity in the shoots increased with increasing salinity, both showed variation between expanding and expanded shoot tissue. We conclude that S. dolichostachya was highly salt tolerant and showed salt requirement for optimal growth. Future growth experiments should be done under standardized conditions and more work at the tissue and cellular level needs to be done to identify the underlying mechanisms of salt tolerance. |
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