Effects of flooding on photosynthesis and root respiration in saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima), an invasive riparian shrub |
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| Institution: | 1. Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Germany;2. Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh;3. Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Germany;4. Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Germany;1. Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil;2. Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil;3. Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil;4. Laboratório de Ecologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil;1. Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), Km 02, BR 233, N° 999, 59700-000 Apodi, RN, Brazil;2. Departamento de Ciências Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Km 47, BR 110, N° 572, C. Postal 137, 59625-900 Mossoró, RN, Brazil;3. Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Km 12, 79200-000Aquidauana, MS, Brazil;4. Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Campus Sousa, Rua Tancredo Neves, s/n, Jardim Sorrilândia, C.Postal 49, 58800-970 Sousa, PB, Brazil;1. Department of Geography, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;2. Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Huntsville, AL 35801, USA;3. Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Columbia, MO 65211, USA |
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| Abstract: | The introduced shrub Tamarix ramosissima invades riparian zones, but loses competitiveness under flooding. Metabolic effects of flooding could be important for T. ramosissima, but have not been previously investigated. Photosynthesis rates, stomatal conductance, internal (intercellular) CO2, transpiration, and root alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity were compared in T. ramosissima across soil types and under drained and flooded conditions in a greenhouse. Photosynthesis at 1500 μmol quanta m?2 s?1 (A1500) in flooded plants ranged from 2.3 to 6.2 μmol CO2 m?2 s?1 during the first week, but A1500 increased to 6.4–12.7 μmol CO2 m?2 s?1 by the third week of flooding. Stomatal conductance (gs) at 1500 μmol quanta m?2 s?1 also decreased initially during flooding, where gs was 0.018 to 0.099 mol H2O m?2 s?1 during the first week, but gs increased to 0.113–0.248 mol H2O m?2 s?1 by the third week of flooding. However, photosynthesis in flooded plants was reduced by non-stomatal limitations, and subsequent increases indicate metabolic acclimation to flooding. Root ADH activities were higher in flooded plants compared to drained plants, indicating oxygen stress. Lower photosynthesis and greater oxygen stress could account for the susceptibility of T. ramosissima at the onset of flooding. Soil type had no effect on photosynthesis or on root ADH activity. In the field, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, transpiration, and leaf δ13C were compared between T. ramosissima and other flooded species. T. ramosissima had lower stomatal conductance and water potential compared to Populus deltoides and Phragmites australis. Differences in physiological responses for T. ramosissima could become important for ecological concerns. |
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