Infectious Diseases in Free-Ranging Blonde Capuchins, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sapajus flavius,</Emphasis> in Brazil |
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| Authors: | Marina Galvão Bueno José Luiz Catão-Dias Plautino de Oliveira Laroque Silvio Arruda Vasconcellos José Soares Ferreira Neto Solange Maria Gennari Fernando Ferreira Marcia Dalastra Laurenti Eufrosina Setsu Umezawa Norival Kesper Karin Kirchgatter Lilian Oliveira Guimarães Heloise Julião Pavanato Mônica Mafra Valença-Montenegro |
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| Institution: | 1.Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz – Plataforma Institucional Biodiversidade e Saúde Silvestre - Presidência,Rio de Janeiro,Brasil;2.Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá – IDSM/MCTI,Tefé,Brasil;3.Laboratório de Patologia Comparada de Animais Selvagens – LAPCOM, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia,Universidade de S?o Paulo,S?o Paulo,Brasil;4.Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conserva??o de Primatas Brasileiros – CPB,Instituto Chico Mendes de Conserva??o da Biodiversidade,Jo?o Pessoa,Brasil;5.Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia,Universidade de S?o Paulo,S?o Paulo,Brasil;6.Laboratório de Patologia de Moléstias Infecciosas, Faculdade de Medicina,Universidade de S?o Paulo,S?o Paulo,Brasil;7.Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical,Universidade de S?o Paulo,S?o Paulo,Brasil;8.Núcleo de Estudos em Malária, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias/Instituto de Medicina Tropical,Universidade de S?o Paulo,S?o Paulo,Brasil;9.Department of Mathematics and Statistics,University of Otago,Dunedin,New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | The main threats to primates worldwide are the degradation, fragmentation, and loss of their habitats; hunting (especially for bushmeat); and illegal trade. For many species, the most important threat is forest fragmentation, resulting in small populations that are restricted to isolated forest patches. In this situation, primates are particularly vulnerable to disease. The Endangered blonde capuchin (Sapajus flavius) is now restricted to a few forest patches in Northeast Brazil. We investigated the occurrence of parasites and bacterial diseases in one of three free-ranging groups of S. flavius in a small forest patch in Paraíba state, Northeast Brazil. We tested for antibodies against Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp. (24 strains), and Brucella spp.. We used molecular analysis to detect Plasmodium spp., and evaluated blood smears for the presence of hemoparasites. All individuals tested negative for Leptospira spp. and B. abortus, but 8 of 48 (16%) presented antibodies for both Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi. We identified antibodies to T. gondii in 12% of the individuals tested. Plasmodium brasilianum infection was present in 4% of the individuals tested, and blood smears showed microfilariae parasites in 46% of the individuals tested. The occurrence of these infectious diseases in S. flavius may pose a significant threat in terms of reduced recruitment and poor survival rates, and an understanding of the influence of pathogens is crucial for the management of small populations of primates. |
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