用花药培养法由马铃薯雄性不育双单倍体诱导一单倍体植株的研究

用花药培养法由雄性不育材料诱导单倍体尚未见报道。在马铃薯中,所有双单倍体或一单倍体,也都是由有效花粉百分数较高的雄性可育材料诱导产生的。本文首次报道了用花药培养法由一个典型的雄性不育的双单倍体品系诱导产生一单倍体的试验结果。从接种的1850个花药中,诱导出了28个胚状体和23块愈伤组织,并从它们分化出了24株绿苗。分化出的小植株生活力大部分较弱,在继代培养过程中逐渐死亡,但也有一些生活力较强的植株存话下来,经L_1、L_2和L_1 3个胚层细胞的检查表明,它们具有典型的一倍体特征,体细胞染色体数目为2n=x=12。植株之间表现出明显的性状分离,说明它们均来自减数分裂后的小孢子。大部分植株的产量较低,但也有少数生活力强,单株块茎产量达0.5公斤左右的抗病、品质好的植株。所有植株都具有不正常的减数分裂,无有效花粉形成,个别植株能结实,但无种子形成,用四倍体或双单倍体的可育花粉授粉也不能形成种子,进一步证明了它们具有一单倍体特性。对诱导马铃薯一单倍体和利用雄性不育材料进行花药培养诱导单倍体的意义进行了讨论。

Induction of Monohaploid Plants from a Male Sterile Dihaploid Strain of Solanum tuberosum L. by Anther Culture

Up to now, there has never been any report on induction of haploids from male sterile materils by anther culture. In potato, all of the dihaploids or monohaploids were also induced from male fertile materials. In the present paper, the results on induction of monohaploid plants from a pollen derived typical male sterile dihaploid strain of Solanum tuberosum L. were reported for the first time. From 1850 cultured anthers, 28 embryoids and 23 calli were induced and total 24 green plantlets were regenerated. Most of the plantlets were from emb-ryoids. The vigor of most regenerated plantlets were poor and died during subculture. How- ever, some plantlets survived and grew vigorously. The identification of the ploidy level of the cells from L1, L2 and L3 germ layers demonstrated that all survival plants were pure mono-haploids. They had a somatic chromosome number 2n = x = 12, and abnormal miosis. A few plants produced some berries, but no seed formed. The wide character segregation were observed among the monohaploid plants. It was further demonstrated that they were from the microspore cells after miosis and not from the anther wall somatic cells. Most of the monohaploid plants had a very poor tuber yield, bin some good strains have been selected out. They had higher tuber yield (about 0.5 kg/plant), disease resistance and good quality. The significance on induction of potato monohaploids and utilization of male sterile materials for anther culture were discussed.