Methods for determining the efficacy of radical-trapping antioxidants |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;2. Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;3. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;4. Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;5. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;6. Department of Computational and System Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;7. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;8. Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;9. Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;10. Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;11. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA;12. Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland;13. Children''s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;1. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;2. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;3. Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;4. Departments of Chemistry and Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;2. Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;3. Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;1. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;2. Heinrich-Heine University, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, 40255 Düsseldorf, Germany;3. Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany;4. Heinrich-Heine University, Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center (BMFZ), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;5. Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy;6. CVMD Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden;7. Department of Nephrology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany;8. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit of Analytical Pathology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;9. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Helmholtz Diabetes Center and German Diabetes Center (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;10. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, 85748 Garching, Germany;11. Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;12. German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany;13. Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Chair of Developmental Genetics, c/o Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;14. Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;15. Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 53115 Bonn, Germany;16. Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;1. Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;3. Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;4. Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Hydrocarbon autoxidation is the free radical chain reaction primarily responsible for the oxidative degradation of organic materials, including those that make up cells, tissues, and organs. The identification of compounds that slow this process (antioxidants) and the quantitation of their efficacies have long been goals of academic and industrial researchers. Antioxidants are generally divided into two types: preventive and radical-trapping (also commonly referred to as chain-breaking). Preventive antioxidants slow the rate of initiation of autoxidation, whereas radical-trapping antioxidants slow the rate of propagation by reacting with chain-propagating peroxyl radicals. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of different approaches to measure the kinetics of the reactions of radical-trapping antioxidants with peroxyl radicals, and their use to study the inhibition of hydrocarbon (lipid) autoxidation in homogeneous solution, as well as biphasic media (lipid bilayers) and cell culture. Direct and indirect approaches are presented and advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed in order to facilitate method selection for investigators seeking to address particular questions in this immensely popular field. |
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| Keywords: | Antioxidants Radical-trapping Alpha-tocopherol Phenols Chain-breaking Kinetics Assay DPPH Lipid peroxidation Autoxidation RTA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0010" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" radical-trapping antioxidant α-TOH" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0020" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" α-tocopherol PMC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0030" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-6-chromanol Trolox" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0040" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2-carboxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-6-chromanol BHT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0050" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol Nrf2" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0060" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 AAPH" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0070" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2,2′-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) monohydrochloride MeOAMVN" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0080" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) AIBN" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0090" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) AIPH" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0100" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride PLPC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0110" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine DOPC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0120" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" dioleoylphosphatidylcholine DCFH-DA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" key0130" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate |
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