Major and Trace Elements in Zooplankton from the Northern Gulf of California During Summer |
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Authors: | Margarita Elena Rentería-Cano Laura Sánchez-Velasco Evgueni Shumilin Miguel F Lavín Jaime Gómez-Gutiérrez |
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Institution: | 1.Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas,La Paz,Mexico;2.Departamento de Oceanografía Física,CICESE,Ensenada,Mexico |
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Abstract: | We report the distribution of major and trace element concentrations in epipelagic zooplankton collected in the Northern Gulf
of California in August 2003. The Bray–Curtis index defined three element assemblages in zooplankton: (1) major metals, which
included only two elements, Na (3.6–17.0%) and Ca (1.0–4.8%). Na had its highest concentrations in the shallow tidally mixed
Upper Gulf, where high salinity, temperature, and zooplankton biomass (dominated by copepods) prevailed. Ca showed its highest
concentrations south of Ballenas Channel, characterized by tidal mixing and convergence-induced upwelling, indicated by low
sea-surface temperature, salinity, and zooplankton biomass; (2) Six biological essential elements, like Fe (80–9,100 mg kg−1) and Zn (20–2,570 mg kg−1), were detected in high concentrations in zooplankton collected near Guaymas Basin, which had high surface temperature and
chlorophyll a concentrations. (3) Metals of terrigenous origin, such as Sc (0.01–1.4 mg kg−1) and Th (0.03–2.3 mg kg−1), and redox-sensitive metals, like Co (3–23.8 mg kg−1); this was the assemblage with the largest number of elements (15). Both types of elements of assemblage 3 had maximum concentrations
in the cyclonic eddy that dominates the summer circulation in the Northern region. We concluded that sediment resuspension
by tidal mixing in the Upper Gulf, upwelling south of Ballenas Channel, and the cyclonic eddy were key oceanographic features
that affected the element concentrations of epipelagic zooplankton in the Northern Gulf of California. Oceanographic mechanisms
such as these may contribute to element incorporation in marine organisms in other seas. |
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