厌氧氨氧化菌驱动脱氮途径的研究进展

厌氧氨氧化菌(anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AnAOB)的代谢多样性，使得该菌群能够在海洋、湿地和陆地等不同的自然生态系统中广泛分布，甚至在一些极热和极寒环境中也检测到了该菌群的存在。本文回顾并总结了厌氧氨氧化菌在不同生态系统中的发现、分布及脱氮贡献等方面的研究，分析了厌氧氨氧化菌分布的主要环境影响因素。该综述将帮助我们更好地理解全球氮循环中厌氧氨氧化菌的实际角色和功能，并基于厌氧氨氧化(anaerobicammoniaoxidation,anammox)过程，探究能与其进行协作的新型生物脱氮工艺，以期为这些工艺的研发和推广提供生态学基础和新的思考，从而实现脱氮工艺的技术变革。

Pathways of denitrification driven by anaerobic ammonia- oxidizing bacteria

The metabolic diversity of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) allows them to widely distribute in different natural ecosystems such as oceans, wetlands, and land, which are even detected in some extremely hot and cold environments. In this review, the discovery, distribution, and denitrification contribution of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in different ecosystems were reviewed and summarized, and the main environmental factors affecting their distribution were analyzed as well. This review may help us understand the real role and function of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria better in the global nitrogen cycle. Based on the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process, this paper explored novel biological nitrogen removal processes that could cooperate with it, to provide an ecological basis and new ideas for the promotion and development of the processes, thereby realizing the technological transformation of denitrification process.