喷施硅对蒙古黄芪抗氧化酶活性以及产量和品质的影响北大核心CSCD

以蒙古黄芪为试验材料,设置大田随机区组试验,研究苗期、开花期和根茎伸长期叶面喷施不同浓度硅(500、1000、2000和4000 mg/L)对蒙古黄芪生长发育、抗氧化酶活性、药材产量和品质的影响,并检测施硅对黄芪白粉病、根腐病的防治效果,以揭示硅对增强黄芪抗病性、提升品质和产量的影响机理,为生产中蒙古黄芪的高效栽培提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)在不同生育时期,喷施不同浓度硅能增加蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、株幅和叶绿素含量,促进蒙古黄芪生长,并以2000 mg/L硅处理效果较佳。(2)不同生育时期喷施硅能提高蒙古黄芪叶片SOD、CAT、POD和APX等抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA含量,以开花期、根茎伸长期2000 mg/L硅处理较佳。(3)施硅能有效降低蒙古黄芪白粉病、根腐病的病情指数,当施硅浓度为2000 mg/L时防效均达到最高,并分别达到47.05%和39.08%。(4)施硅处理能有效提高蒙古黄芪单株干、鲜生物量、产量以及可溶性浸出物和黄芪甲苷含量等品质指标,并在2000 mg/L硅浓度处理下均达到最佳水平,此时可溶性浸出物和黄芪甲苷含量分别比对照显著提高了16.48%和31.96%。研究发现,叶面喷施适宜浓度硅可显著增强蒙古黄芪对白粉病、根腐病的抗性,促进植株生长,进而显著提高药材产量,改善药材品质,并以硅浓度为2000 mg/L时效果最佳。

Effect of Spraying Silicon on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, Yield and Quality of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus

We studied the effects of foliar spraying silicon (500, 1 000, 2 000, and 4 000 mg/L) on growth and development, antioxidant enzyme activity, yield and quality in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus during seedling stage, flowering stage and rhizome elongation stage by randomized trial group, and also detected the control effect of foliar spraying silicon on powdery mildew and root rot to reveal the mechanism of silicon on enhancing disease resistance, improving quality and yield of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, and provide theoretical basis for efficient cultivation of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus in production. The results showed that: (1) the application of different concentrations of silicon could increase plant height, stem diameter, plant width and chlorophyll content, and promote the growth of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, and better treated with 2 000 mg/L silicon concentration. (2) Spraying silicon with different concentrations could increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, POD and APX and reduce the content of MDA in different growth stages. It was better at 2 000 mg/L silicon concentration during flowering and rhizome elongation. (3) When the silicon concentration was 2 000 mg/L, the control effects of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus against powdery mildew and root rot reached the highest, 47.22% and 38.80% respectively. (4) Spraying silicon with different concentrations could increase the dry and fresh biomass, yield, soluble extract and astragaloside IV content of single plant of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, When the concentration of silicon was 2 000 mg/L, the contents of soluble extract and astragaloside IV increased by 16.48% and 31.96% respectively. It was found that foliar spraying of appropriate concentration of silicon could significantly enhance the resistance to powdery mildew and root rot of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus, promote plant growth, significantly improve the yield and quality of medicinal materials, and the effect was the best when the silicon concentration was 2 000 mg/L.