Biotransformation of (−)‐(R)‐α‐Phellandrene: Antimicrobial Activity of Its Major Metabolite |
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| Authors: | Gökalp ??can Ne?e K?r?mer Fatih Demirci Betül Demirci Yoshiaki Noma K Hüsnü Can Ba?er |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, TR‐26470, Eski?ehir, (phone: +90‐222‐3350580 ext. 3709;2. fax: +90‐222‐3306809);3. Graduate School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, TR‐26470, Eski?ehir;4. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro‐cho, Tokushima 770, Japan;5. Badebio Ltd., Anadolu University, Technopark, TR‐26470, Eski?ehir |
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| Abstract: | Terpene derivatives converted by microbial biotransformation constitute an important resource for natural pharmaceutical, fragrance, and aroma substances. In the present study, the monoterpene α‐phellandrene was biotransformed by 16 different strains of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and yeasts). The transformation metabolites were initially screened by TLC and GC/MS, and then further characterized by NMR spectroscopic techniques. Among the six metabolites characterized, 6‐hydroxypiperitone, α‐phellandrene epoxide, cis‐p‐menth‐2‐en‐1‐ol, and carvotanacetone, which originated from (?)‐(R)‐α‐phellandrene, are reported for the first time in this study. Additionally, the substrate and the metabolite 5‐p‐menthene‐1,2‐diol were subjected to in vitro antibacterial and anticandidal tests. The metabolite showed moderate‐to‐good inhibitory activities (MICs=0.125 to >4 mg/ml) against various bacteria and especially against Candida species in comparison with its substrate (?)‐(R)‐α‐phellandrene and standard antimicrobial agents. |
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| Keywords: | Biotransformation (R)‐α ‐Phellandrene Menthene‐1 2‐diol Antibacterial activity |
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