中枢性性早熟对儿童生长发育的影响及其危险因素分析

摘要 目的：分析中枢性性早熟对儿童生长发育的影响及其危险因素。方法：选择我院自2020年1月至2023年1月收治的105例中枢性性早熟患儿作为观察组，另选同期的105例发育正常儿童作为对照组，比较两组生长发育指标、血清胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白3（IGF-BP3）表达水平，对入组者膳食模式、生活情况、家庭状况进行问卷调查，使用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果：观察组身高、体重、身体质量指数、骨龄均大于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组血清IGF-1、IGF-BP3表达水平均高于对照组（P＜0.05）；经单因素分析，午睡习惯、运动时间、亮灯睡觉、课业负担、经常使用塑料制品、成人洗漱护肤品、观看情感类电视、母亲学历、职业、初潮年龄，父母关系、陪伴、平衡膳食模式、高热量高脂膳食模式均与中枢性性早熟有关（P＜0.05）；经多因素Logistic回归分析，平衡膳食模式、有午睡习惯、运动时间长均是中枢性性早熟的保护因素（P＜0.05），高热量高脂膳食模式、母亲初潮年龄小、父母关系不和睦、父母陪伴少均是中枢性性早熟的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：中枢性性早熟可影响儿童的生长发育进度，与高热量高脂膳食模式、母亲初潮年龄、父母关系和陪伴密切相关，应改善家庭关系，帮助儿童养成平衡膳食、午睡和运动的良好习惯，有益于儿童正常的生长发育。

Influence of Central Precocious Puberty on Growth and Development of Children and Analysis of Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effects of central precocious puberty on the growth and development of children and its risk factors. Methods: 105 children with central precocious puberty admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected as the observation group, and 105 children with normal development in the same period were selected as the control group.Growth and development indicators, serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3(IGF-BP3) expression levels were compared between the two groups. The dietary pattern, living conditions and family status of the participants were investigated by questionnaire. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used. Results: The height, weight, body mass index and bone age of observation group were higher than those of control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of serum IGF-1 and IGF-BP3 in observation group were higher than those in control group(P<0.05). After univariate analysis, napping habits, exercise time, sleep with light on, schoolwork load, frequent use of plastic products, adult toiletries and skin care products, watching emotional TV, maternal education, occupation, age of menstruating, parental relationship, companionship, balanced diet pattern and high-calorie and high-fat diet pattern were all associated with central precocious puberty(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that balanced dietary pattern, napping habit, and long exercise time were all protective factors for central precocious puberty(P<0.05), while high-calorie and high-fat dietary pattern, young age of mother at menarche, disharmonious relationship between parents, and little parental companionship were all risk factors for central precocious puberty(P<0.05). Conclusion: Central precocious puberty can affect the growth and development progress of children and is closely related to high-calorie and high-fat dietary patterns, maternal age at menarche, parental relationship and companionship. Family relationships should be improved and children should be helped to develop good habits of balanced meals, naps and exercise that are beneficial to normal growth and development.