云南省恙螨区系及垂直分布研究

2000～2004年对云南省恙螨进行调查,发现云南省内恙螨192种,主要分布于中西部及中南部的热带及亚热带气候区,垂直高度多在1 000 m以下或1 500～2 500m范围.古北界种类有114种,占59%,东洋界种类较少为6%,35%的种类为跨界分布.中华纤恙螨leptotrombidium sinicum和小板纤恙螨L.scutellare为优势螨种.结合其他资料发现,该省广布种类10种,特有种5种,广宿主种及窄宿主种类均较多.少数螨种仅发现于3000 m以上的高海拔温带气候区或500m以下的低海拔热带气候区.恙螨分布与地域、海拔及气候因素有关.

STUDY ON THE FAUNA AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHIGGERS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

We surveyed the fauna of chiggers in Yunnan Province and recorded 192 chigger species. Abundant species were found in the midwest and midsouth of Yunnan where the altitudes are about 1 500-2 500 m or under 1 000 m and the weather belongs to subtropical or tropic zone. The results showed that 59% of chigger species belong to Palaearctic species and 6% belong to Oriental species while 35% of chigger species occur in both Palaearctic Realm and Oriental Realm. Leptotrombidium sinicum and L. scutellare are two domain species. 10 chigger species are cosmopolitan species while 5 species are considered to be the endemic species of Yunnan on the basis of related literatures. There are many wide-host species and narrow- host species. A few species were only found in temperate zone where the altitude is beyond 3 000 m or under 500 rn in tropical zone. The distribution of chiggers is related to geographical location, altitude and climate.