The effects of mechanical stability on the macromolecules of the connective tissue matrices produced during fracture healing. I. The collagens

Summary The distribution of types I, II, III, V and IX collagens in healing fractures of the rabbit tibia has been demonstrated by immunofluorescent techniques. It has also been shown that the mechanical stability of the healing fracture affects both the distribution and types of the collagens present.The initial fibrous matrix contains types III and V collagens; type I collagen was only located in this matrix if unfixed tissue was used. In mechanically stable fractures, cancellous bone forms over the entire periosteal surface by 5–7 days; type I collagen is laid down within the previous fibrous matrix. The trabeculae are heterogeneous in their collagen content. The cavities contain a matrix of types III and V collagens. Small nodules of cartilage may be present between 7 and 14 days; these contain types II and IX collagens.In mechanically unstable fractures, cancellous bone is initially formed away from the fracture gap. The fibrous tissue over the gap is replaced by cartilage; types II and IX collagens are laid down on the pre-existing fibrous matrix. The cartilage is replaced by endochondral ossification. At the ossification front, type I collagen is found around the chondrocyte lacunae of the spicules of cartilage. The new trabeculae contain a core of cartilage which is surrounded by a bone matrix of types I and V collagens.The fracture gaps are invaded by fibrous tissue, which contain types III and V collagens. This is later replaced by cancellous bone.