基于生态安全格局的粤港澳地区陆域空间生态保护修复重点区域识别

区域和景观尺度的生态保护修复应以保障生态安全、促进生态过程实现为目标。将生态安全格局构建、生态连通性修复方法引入国土空间生态修复识别领域,以粤港澳大湾区外延范围——粤港澳地区为研究区,基于生态系统服务重要性和敏感性评价、最小阻力模型、电路理论模型,识别了生态源地、生态廊道及障碍点、生态夹点、生态敏感区,提供了一种中尺度的国土空间生态保护修复重点区域识别研究案例。结果表示:(1)研究区生态源地总面积5.27万km~2,潜在生态廊道138条,共同构成了环绕粤港澳大湾区的环形生态屏障,但局部区域仍存在一定的保护空缺。(2)研究区生态障碍点、生态夹点面积分别为442.7、9.1 km~2,对其进行针对性修复可显著改善生态连通性。(3)研究区生态敏感区共4302.48 km~2,青云山、九连山、起微山等重要生态源地内存在部分生态退化区域,对其进行修复可防范生态风险、提升生态功能。未来应通过空间规划途径对重要源地和生态廊道加强保护监管,对生态节点、生态敏感区、生态退化区进行分区分类修复。研究结果可为未来粤港澳地区生态保护修复工作提供科学参考。

Identification of key areas of land space ecological protection and restoration based on the pattern of ecological security in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau

Ecological restoration in regional and landscape scale should aim to improve ecological connectivity and promote the realization of ecological processes. This paper introduces the ecological security pattern and the restoration of ecological connectivity into the field of ecological restoration identification. Taking the extended area of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao region as the research area, based on the evaluation of the importance of ecological functions and ecological sensitivity, the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) and circuit theory model, the ecological source, ecological corridors, barriers, and ecological pinch points are identified, providing a meso-scale research case on the identification of key areas of land and space ecological restoration. The results indicate (1) The total area of ecological sources in the study area is 52700 km², which are mainly distributed in the main mountain ranges of northern, western and eastern Guangdong, and the central and eastern mountains of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Lantau Island and Hong Kong Island. The ecological sources and ecological corridors together form a circular ecological barrier surrounding the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, but there are still protection vacancies in some areas. (2) The areas of ecological barriers and ecological pinch points in the study area are 442.7 and 9.1 km² respectively. The targeted restoration of them can significantly improve ecological connectivity. (3) The ecological sensitive areas is 4302.48 km². There are some ecological degraded areas in important ecological sources such as Qingyun Mountain, Jiulian Mountain and Qiwei Mountain. Restoration of these areas can prevent ecological risks and improve ecological functions. In the future, ecological protection and restoration should strengthen the protection and supervision of important sources and ecological corridors through spatial planning, and carry out zoning and classification restoration of ecological nodes, ecological sensitive areas, and ecological degraded areas. The research results can provide a scientific reference for future ecological protection and restoration work in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao.