Interaction between Earthworms and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plants: A Review |
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Authors: | Lulu Meng A K Srivastava Kamil Ku?a Bhoopander Giri Mohammed Mahabubur Rahman Qiangsheng Wu |
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Institution: | 1 College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China2 ICAR-Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic4 Department of Botany, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India5 Natural Science Unit, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan |
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Abstract: | Different kinds of soil animals and microorganisms inhabit the plant rhizosphere, which function closely to plant roots. Of them, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and earthworms play a critical role in sustaining the soil-plant health. Earthworms and AMF belong to the soil community and are soil beneficial organisms at different trophic levels. Both of them improve soil fertility and structural development, collectively promoting plant growth and nutrient acquisition capacity. Earthworm activities redistribute mycorrhizal fungi spores and give diversified effects on root mycorrhizal fungal colonization. Dual inoculation with both earthworms and AMF strongly magnifies the response on plant growth through increased soil enzyme activities and changes in soil nutrient availability, collectively mitigating the negative effects of heavy metal pollution in plants and soils. This thus enhances phytoremediation and plant disease resistance. This review simply outlines the effects of earthworms and AMF on the soil-plant relationship. The effects of earthworms on root AMF colonization and activities are also analyzed. This paper also summarizes the interaction between earthworms and AMF on plants along with suggested future research. |
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Keywords: | Earthworm nutrient mycorrhiza soil enzyme stress symbiosis |
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